alloy-rs · yash-atreya · Apr 2, 2025 · Mar 21, 2025 · Apr 2, 2025 · Apr 2, 2025
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ This repository contains the following examples:
   - [x] [Ledger signer](./examples/wallets/examples/ledger_signer.rs)
   - [x] [Private key signer](./examples/wallets/examples/private_key_signer.rs)
   - [x] [Mnemonic signer](./examples/wallets/examples/mnemonic_signer.rs)
+  - [x] [Ethereum Wallet](./examples/wallets/examples/ethereum_wallet.rs)
   - [x] [Sign message](./examples/wallets/examples/sign_message.rs)
   - [x] [Verify message](./examples/wallets/examples/verify_message.rs)
   - [x] [Sign permit hash](./examples/wallets/examples/sign_permit_hash.rs)

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //! of Arbitrum's transaction receipts.
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::{AnyNetwork, EthereumWallet},
+    network::AnyNetwork,
     primitives::{address, Address, U128, U256, U64},
     providers::ProviderBuilder,
     signers::local::PrivateKeySigner,
@@ -45,11 +45,10 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     // [RISK WARNING! Writing a private key in the code file is insecure behavior.]
     // The following code is for testing only. Set up signer from private key, be aware of danger.
     let signer: PrivateKeySigner = "<PRIVATE_KEY>".parse().expect("should parse private key");
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(signer);
 
     // Create a provider with the Arbitrum Sepolia network and the wallet.
     let rpc_url = "https://sepolia-rollup.arbitrum.io/rpc".parse()?;
-    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().network::<AnyNetwork>().wallet(wallet).on_http(rpc_url);
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().network::<AnyNetwork>().wallet(signer).on_http(rpc_url);
 
     // Create a contract instance.
     let contract = Counter::new(COUNTER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS, &provider);

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Example of using the `WalletFiller` in the provider.
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::{EthereumWallet, TransactionBuilder},
+    network::TransactionBuilder,
     node_bindings::Anvil,
     primitives::{address, b256, U256},
     providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
@@ -18,13 +18,12 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     // Set up signer from the first default Anvil account (Alice).
     let signer: PrivateKeySigner = anvil.keys()[0].clone().into();
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(signer);
 
     // Create a provider with the wallet.
     let rpc_url = anvil.endpoint_url();
     let provider = ProviderBuilder::new()
         // Add the `WalletFiller` to the provider
-        .wallet(wallet)
+        .wallet(signer)
         .on_http(rpc_url);
 
     // Build an EIP-1559 type transaction to send 100 wei to Vitalik.

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Example of using the `ProviderBuilder` to create a provider with a signer and network.
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::{EthereumWallet, TransactionBuilder},
+    network::TransactionBuilder,
     node_bindings::Anvil,
     primitives::U256,
     providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
@@ -18,15 +18,14 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     // Set up signer from the first default Anvil account (Alice).
     let signer: PrivateKeySigner = anvil.keys()[0].clone().into();
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(signer.clone());
 
     // Create two users, Alice and Bob.
     let alice = signer.address();
     let bob = anvil.addresses()[1];
 
     // Set up the HTTP provider with the `reqwest` crate.
     let rpc_url = anvil.endpoint_url();
-    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_http(rpc_url);
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(signer).on_http(rpc_url);
 
     // Create a transaction.
     let tx = TransactionRequest::default().with_to(bob).with_value(U256::from(100));

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::EthereumWallet,
     node_bindings::Anvil,
     primitives::I256,
     providers::{ProviderBuilder, WsConnect},
@@ -50,11 +49,10 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let anvil = Anvil::new().block_time(1).try_spawn()?;
 
     let pk: PrivateKeySigner = anvil.keys()[0].clone().into();
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(pk);
 
     // Create a provider.
     let ws = WsConnect::new(anvil.ws_endpoint());
-    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_ws(ws).await?;
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(pk).on_ws(ws).await?;
 
     // Deploy the `EventExample` contract.
     let contract = EventMultiplexer::deploy(provider).await?;

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 //! Example of watching and polling for contract events by `WebSocket` subscription.
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::EthereumWallet,
     node_bindings::Anvil,
     providers::{ProviderBuilder, WsConnect},
     signers::local::PrivateKeySigner,
@@ -39,11 +38,10 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     // Ensure `anvil` is available in $PATH.
     let anvil = Anvil::new().block_time(1).try_spawn()?;
     let pk: PrivateKeySigner = anvil.keys()[0].clone().into();
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::new(pk);
 
     // Create a WebSocket provider.
     let ws = WsConnect::new(anvil.ws_endpoint());
-    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_ws(ws).await?;
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(pk).on_ws(ws).await?;
 
     // Deploy the `Counter` contract.
     let contract = Counter::deploy(provider.clone()).await?;

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use alloy::{
     eips::eip7702::Authorization,
-    network::{EthereumWallet, TransactionBuilder, TransactionBuilder7702},
+    network::{TransactionBuilder, TransactionBuilder7702},
     node_bindings::Anvil,
     primitives::U256,
     providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     // Create a provider with the wallet for only Bob (not Alice).
     let rpc_url = anvil.endpoint_url();
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(bob.clone());
-    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_http(rpc_url);
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(bob.clone()).on_http(rpc_url);
 
     // Deploy the contract Alice will authorize.
     let contract = Log::deploy(&provider).await?;

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//! Demonstrates how `EthereumWallet` can use multiple different types of signers.
+
+use alloy::{
+    network::{EthereumWallet, TransactionBuilder, TxSigner},
+    node_bindings::Anvil,
+    primitives::{address, U256},
+    providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
+    rpc::types::TransactionRequest,
+    signers::{
+        aws::AwsSigner,
+        ledger::{HDPath, LedgerSigner},
+        local::PrivateKeySigner,
+    },
+};
+use aws_config::BehaviorVersion;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> eyre::Result<()> {
+    // Spin up a local Anvil node.
+    // Ensure `anvil` is available in $PATH.
+    let anvil = Anvil::new().try_spawn()?;
+
+    // Initialize your signers.
+
+    // Set up a local signer.
+    let pk_signer: PrivateKeySigner =
+        "0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80".parse()?;
+    let pk_addr = pk_signer.address();
+
+    // Set up a hardware wallet signer
+    let ledger = LedgerSigner::new(HDPath::LedgerLive(0), Some(1)).await?;
+    let ledger_addr = ledger.address();
+
+    // AWS KMS signer
+    let key_id = std::env::var("AWS_KEY_ID").expect("AWS_KEY_ID not set in .env file");
+    let config = aws_config::load_defaults(BehaviorVersion::latest()).await;
+    let client = aws_sdk_kms::Client::new(&config);
+    let aws = AwsSigner::new(client, key_id, Some(1)).await?;
+    let _aws_addr = aws.address();
+
+    // Initialize `EthereumWallet`.
+    // `pk_signer` is set as the default signer.
+    // This signer is used to sign `TransactionRequest` and `TypedTransaction` objects that do
+    // not specify a signer address in the `from` field.
+    let mut wallet = EthereumWallet::new(pk_signer);
+    // Add aws and ledger signers to the wallet
+    wallet.register_signer(aws);
+    wallet.register_signer(ledger);
+
+    // Create a provider with the `WalletFiller`.
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_http(anvil.endpoint_url());
+
+    // Note that the `from` field hasn't been specified.
+    // The wallet filler in the provider will set to it the default signer's address, which is
+    // `pk_signer`.
+    let tx = TransactionRequest::default()
+        .with_to(address!("0xd8dA6BF26964aF9D7eEd9e03E53415D37aA96045"))
+        .with_value(U256::from(100));
+
+    let receipt = provider.send_transaction(tx).await?.get_receipt().await?;
+    assert_eq!(pk_addr, receipt.from);
+
+    // One can hint the wallet filler about which signer to use by specifying the `from` field.
+    // In this case, the `ledger` signer will be used to sign the transaction.
+    let tx = TransactionRequest::default()
+        .with_from(ledger_addr)
+        .with_to(address!("0xd8dA6BF26964aF9D7eEd9e03E53415D37aA96045"))
+        .with_value(U256::from(100));
+
+    let receipt = provider.send_transaction(tx).await?.get_receipt().await?;
+    assert_eq!(ledger_addr, receipt.from);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::{EthereumWallet, TransactionBuilder},
+    network::TransactionBuilder,
     primitives::{address, U256},
     providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
     rpc::types::TransactionRequest,
@@ -21,11 +21,10 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let keystore_file_path =
         PathBuf::from(std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")?).join("examples/keystore/alice.json");
     let signer = LocalSigner::decrypt_keystore(keystore_file_path, password)?;
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(signer);
 
     // Create a provider with the wallet.
     let provider =
-        ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_anvil_with_config(|anvil| anvil.block_time(1));
+        ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(signer).on_anvil_with_config(|anvil| anvil.block_time(1));
 
     // Build a transaction to send 100 wei from Alice to Vitalik.
     // The `from` field is automatically filled to the first signer's address (Alice).

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Example of signing and sending a transaction using a Ledger device.
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::{EthereumWallet, TransactionBuilder},
+    network::TransactionBuilder,
     primitives::{address, U256},
     providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
     rpc::types::TransactionRequest,
@@ -13,11 +13,10 @@ use eyre::Result;
 async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     // Instantiate the application by acquiring a lock on the Ledger device.
     let signer = LedgerSigner::new(HDPath::LedgerLive(0), Some(1)).await?;
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(signer);
 
     // Create a provider with the wallet.
     let rpc_url = "https://eth.merkle.io".parse()?;
-    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_http(rpc_url);
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(signer).on_http(rpc_url);
 
     // Build a transaction to send 100 wei from Alice to Vitalik.
     // The `from` field is automatically filled to the first signer's address (Alice).

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Example of using a local wallet to sign and send a transaction.
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::{EthereumWallet, TransactionBuilder},
+    network::TransactionBuilder,
     node_bindings::Anvil,
     primitives::{address, U256},
     providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
@@ -21,11 +21,10 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     // The following code is for testing only. Set up signer from private key, be aware of danger.
     // let signer: PrivateKeySigner = "<PRIVATE_KEY>".parse().expect("should parse private key");
     let signer: PrivateKeySigner = anvil.keys()[0].clone().into();
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(signer);
 
     // Create a provider with the wallet.
     let rpc_url = anvil.endpoint_url();
-    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_http(rpc_url);
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(signer).on_http(rpc_url);
 
     // Build a transaction to send 100 wei from Alice to Vitalik.
     // The `from` field is automatically filled to the first signer's address (Alice).

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Example of signing and sending a transaction using a Trezor device.
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::{EthereumWallet, TransactionBuilder},
+    network::TransactionBuilder,
     primitives::{address, U256},
     providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
     rpc::types::TransactionRequest,
@@ -13,11 +13,10 @@ use eyre::Result;
 async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     // Instantiate the application by acquiring a lock on the Trezor device.
     let signer = TrezorSigner::new(HDPath::TrezorLive(0), Some(1)).await?;
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(signer);
 
     // Create a provider with the wallet.
     let rpc_url = "https://eth.merkle.io".parse()?;
-    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_http(rpc_url);
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(signer).on_http(rpc_url);
 
     // Build a transaction to send 100 wei from Alice to Vitalik.
     // The `from` field is automatically filled to the first signer's address (Alice).

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Example of signing and sending a transaction using a Yubi device.
 
 use alloy::{
-    network::{EthereumWallet, TransactionBuilder},
+    network::TransactionBuilder,
     primitives::{address, U256},
     providers::{Provider, ProviderBuilder},
     rpc::types::TransactionRequest,
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     // `from_key` method to upload a key you already have, or the `new` method
     // to generate a new keypair.
     let signer = YubiSigner::connect(connector, Credentials::default(), 0);
-    let wallet = EthereumWallet::from(signer);
 
     // Create a provider with the wallet.
     let rpc_url = "https://eth.merkle.io".parse()?;
-    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(wallet).on_http(rpc_url);
+    let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().wallet(signer).on_http(rpc_url);
 
     // Build a transaction to send 100 wei from Alice to Vitalik.
     // The `from` field is automatically filled to the first signer's address (Alice).

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ function main () {
             -e 'foundry_fork_db' \
             -e 'reth_db_layer' \
             -e 'reth_db_provider' \
+            -e 'ethereum_wallet' \
             | xargs -n1 echo
     )"