Bump Alpine base image to 3.24.1 - #1203

What changed?

Bumps the CLI Docker base image from alpine:3.23.5 to alpine:3.24.1 ahead of the v1.9.0 release.

3.24.1 is the current Alpine release tag — it is what latest, 3.24, and 3 all resolve to on Docker Hub. The 3.23 branch is still receiving security patches (hence 3.23.5's newer push timestamp), but 3.24 is the current stable line.

Checklist

Stability

• Breaking changes are marked with 💥 in the PR title and release notes
• Changes to JSON output (-o json / -o jsonl) are treated as breaking changes

Design

• This feature does not depend on Cloud-only APIs or behavior (it works against an OSS server)
• New commands follow temporal <noun> <verb> structure (e.g. temporal workflow start)
• New flags are named after the API concept, not the implementation mechanism (good: --search-attribute, bad: --index-field)
• New flags don't duplicate an existing flag that serves the same purpose
• New flags do not have short aliases without strong justification
• Experimental features are marked with (Experimental) in commands.yaml

Help text (see style guide at the top of commands.yaml)

• All flags shown in help text and examples are implemented and functional
• Summaries use sentence case and have no trailing period
• Long descriptions end with a period and include at least one example invocation
• Examples use long flags (--namespace, not -n), one flag per line
• Placeholder values use YourXxx form (YourWorkflowId, YourNamespace)

Behavior

• Results go to stdout; errors and warnings go to stderr
• Error messages are lowercase with no trailing punctuation

Tests

• Added functional test(s) (SharedServerSuite)
• Added unit test(s) (func TestXxx) where applicable

Manual tests

Setup

temporal server start-dev --headless
temporal workflow start \
    --type YourWorkflowType \
    --task-queue YourTaskQueue \
    --workflow-id YourWorkflowId

Happy path

$ temporal <command> \
    --flag value
<expected output>

Error case

$ temporal <command> \
    --invalid-combination
Error: <expected error message>
$ echo $?
1

Composition

$ temporal <command-one> ...
$ temporal <command-two> --flag <value-from-above>
<expected output>