[flutter_tools] migrate getBuildInfo() to typed OptionDescriptors and BuildInfoOptionsBundle - #191510

…ter#191760)

Third step in the type-safe, declarative CLI argument refactor for
`flutter_tools` (following flutter#191018 and flutter#191510).

This PR introduces typed enum option descriptors and defaulted
string/enum descriptors, and migrates existing Web and Common options to
use them.

### Key Changes

1. **`EnumOptionDescriptor<T extends Enum>` &
`DefaultedEnumOptionDescriptor<T extends Enum>`
(`lib/src/runner/options/option_descriptor.dart`)**:
   - Automatically derives `allowed` values via `values.map(...)`.
- Supports `nameMapper`, `valueParser`, and automatic `CliEnum` mapping
for `allowed` and `allowedHelp`.
- Returns strongly-typed `T?` or `T` from `getValue()`, eliminating
manual `fromCliName()` parsing and casting.

2. **`DefaultedStringOptionDescriptor`
(`lib/src/runner/options/option_descriptor.dart`)**:
   - Requires concrete non-null `defaultsTo`.
   - Statically types `getValue()` to return non-nullable `String`.
- Removes ad-hoc `getValueOrDefault()` helper from
`StringOptionDescriptor`.

3. **Migration of Existing Options**:
- Migrated `WebOptions.pwaStrategy` from `static final
StringOptionDescriptor` to `const
EnumOptionDescriptor<ServiceWorkerStrategy>`.
- Migrated `CommonOptions.target` from `StringOptionDescriptor` to
`const DefaultedStringOptionDescriptor`.
- Updated `build_web.dart` to pass `getValue(WebOptions.pwaStrategy)`
directly without manual `fromCliName()` conversion.

### Verification

- Whole-package `dart analyze` across `packages/flutter_tools`: **0
issues**.
- Unit and command tests (`option_descriptor_test.dart`,
`build_info_options_bundle_test.dart`, `build_web_test.dart`): **55/55
tests passing**.

…criptor (flutter#192307)

Migrates `createDebuggingOptions()` in `RunCommandBase`
(`lib/src/commands/run.dart`) and associated option registration helpers
in `FlutterCommand` (`lib/src/runner/flutter_command.dart`) to typed
`OptionDescriptor` instances, continuing the CLI argument architecture
modernization started in flutter#191018, flutter#191510, and flutter#191760.

## Summary of Changes

* **Typed Debugging Option Descriptors (`DebuggingOptionDescriptors` in
`common_options.dart`)**:
* Defined 35+ strongly-typed descriptors covering engine flags
(`enableImpeller`, `enableFlutterGpu`, `enableVulkanValidation`,
`enableEmbedderApi`, `enableHcpp`), tracing/profiling (`traceStartup`,
`traceSystrace`, `traceToFile`, `endlessTraceBuffer`,
`profileMicrotasks`, `traceSkia`, `traceAllowlist`,
`traceSkiaAllowlist`, `enableDartProfiling`, `profileStartup`,
`cacheStartupProfile`, `verboseSystemLogs`, `purgePersistentCache`), VM
service/DevTools/DDS (`dds`, `ddsPort`, `disableDds`, `enableDevTools`,
`devToolsServerAddress`, `vmserviceOutFile`, `disableServiceAuthCodes`,
`disableServiceOriginCheck`, `startPaused`, `dartFlags`, `ipv6`), and
runner configuration (`route`, `enableSoftwareRendering`,
`skiaDeterministicRendering`, `dartEntrypointArgs`, `uninstallFirst`,
`iosProfileDebugger`, `useTestFonts`, `adbLogFiltering`, `testFlag`).
* **Web Server & Debugging Descriptors (`WebOptions` in
`web_options.dart`)**:
* Added typed descriptors for `webHeader`, `webHostname`, `webPort`,
`webTlsCertPath`, `webTlsCertKeyPath`, `webServerDebugProtocol`,
`webServerDebugBackendProtocol`, `webServerDebugInjectedClientProtocol`,
`webAllowExposeUrl`, `webRunHeadless`, `webBrowserDebugPort`,
`webEnableExpressionEvaluation`, `webLaunchUrl`, `webBrowserFlags`, and
`crossOriginIsolation`.
* **`ArgParserDescriptorExtension` & Automatic `Expando` Registry
(`option_descriptor.dart`)**:
* Added `addDescriptor` / `addDescriptors` extension methods on
`ArgParser` for concise option registration.
* Replaced explicit `Map<String, OptionDescriptor>? registry` parameter
plumbing across `OptionDescriptor.addTo()`, `OptionBundle.register()`,
and `FlutterCommand._optionRegistry` with an internal
`Expando<Map<String, OptionDescriptor<Object?>>>` on `ArgParser`,
ensuring automatic diamond-bundle de-duplication and conflict detection
across all registration paths.
* **Tri-State `bool?` Semantics**:
* Used `NullableFlagOptionDescriptor` (`defaultsTo: null`) for flags
whose omitted state is semantically distinct from `false`
(`enable-impeller`, `enable-flutter-gpu`, `enable-hcpp`,
`cross-origin-isolation`, `ios-profile-debugger`), allowing
`getValue(...)` to preserve `bool?` without manual string lookups.
* **Eliminated Untyped Lookups in `createDebuggingOptions()`**:
* Replaced 35+ untyped `argParser.options.containsKey('...')`,
`boolArg('...')`, `stringArg('...')`, and `stringsArg('...')` lookups in
`RunCommandBase.createDebuggingOptions()`, `webDevServerConfigCore()`,
and `FlutterCommand` helpers (`usesWebOptions`, `addDdsOptions`,
`addDevToolsOptions`, `explicitEnableHcpp`, `ddsPort`,
`devToolsServerAddress`) with type-safe `getValue(...)`,
`wasParsed(...)`, and `hasOption(...)` calls.

## Pre-launch Checklist

- [x] I read the [Contributor Guide] and followed the process outlined
there for submitting PRs.
- [x] I read the [Tree Hygiene] wiki page, which explains my
responsibilities.
- [x] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features
we expect every widget to implement].
- [x] I signed the [CLA].
- [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description
above.
- [x] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`).
- [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.