Vectorized · Vectorized · May 19, 2025 · May 19, 2025 · May 19, 2025 · May 19, 2025
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install Foundry
         uses: foundry-rs/foundry-toolchain@v1
         with:
-          version: nightly
+          version: stable
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: forge install
       - name: Run prep scripts and forge fmt

diff --git a/docs/utils/libtransient.md b/docs/utils/libtransient.md
@@ -75,6 +75,28 @@ struct TBytes {
 
 Pointer struct to a `bytes` in transient storage.
 
+### TStack
+
+```solidity
+struct TStack {
+    uint256 _spacer;
+}
+```
+
+Pointer struct to a stack pointer generator in transient storage.   
+This stack does not directly take in values. Instead, it generates pointers   
+that can be casted to any of the other transient storage pointer struct.
+
+## Custom Errors
+
+### StackIsEmpty()
+
+```solidity
+error StackIsEmpty()
+```
+
+The transient stack is empty.
+
 ## Constants
 
 ### REGISTRY
@@ -756,6 +778,81 @@ function clearCompat(TBytes storage ptr) internal
 
 Clears the value at transient `ptr`.
 
+## Stack Operations
+
+### tStack(bytes32)
+
+```solidity
+function tStack(bytes32 tSlot) internal pure returns (TStack storage ptr)
+```
+
+Returns a pointer to a stack in transient storage.
+
+### tStack(uint256)
+
+```solidity
+function tStack(uint256 tSlot) internal pure returns (TStack storage ptr)
+```
+
+Returns a pointer to a stack in transient storage.
+
+### length(TStack)
+
+```solidity
+function length(TStack storage ptr)
+    internal
+    view
+    returns (uint256 result)
+```
+
+Returns the number of elements in the stack.
+
+### clear(TStack)
+
+```solidity
+function clear(TStack storage ptr) internal
+```
+
+Clears the stack at `ptr`.   
+Note: Future usage of the stack will point to a fresh transient storage region.
+
+### place(TStack)
+
+```solidity
+function place(TStack storage ptr) internal returns (bytes32 topPtr)
+```
+
+Increments the stack length by 1, and returns a pointer to the top element.   
+We don't want to call this `push` as it does not take in an element value.   
+Note: The value pointed to might not be cleared from previous usage.
+
+### peek(TStack)
+
+```solidity
+function peek(TStack storage ptr) internal view returns (bytes32 topPtr)
+```
+
+Returns a pointer to the top element. Returns zero if the stack is empty.   
+This method can help avoid an additional `TLOAD`.
+
+### top(TStack)
+
+```solidity
+function top(TStack storage ptr) internal view returns (bytes32 topPtr)
+```
+
+Returns a pointer to the top element. Reverts if the stack is empty.
+
+### pop(TStack)
+
+```solidity
+function pop(TStack storage ptr) internal returns (bytes32 lastTopPtr)
+```
+
+Decrements the stack length by 1, returns a pointer to the top element   
+before the popping. Reverts if the stack is empty.   
+Note: Popping from the stack does NOT auto-clear the top value.
+
 ## Transient Registry Operations
 
 ### registrySet(bytes32,bytes)

diff --git a/src/utils/LibTransient.sol b/src/utils/LibTransient.sol
@@ -43,6 +43,20 @@ library LibTransient {
         uint256 _spacer;
     }
 
+    /// @dev Pointer struct to a stack pointer generator in transient storage.
+    /// This stack does not directly take in values. Instead, it generates pointers
+    /// that can be casted to any of the other transient storage pointer struct.
+    struct TStack {
+        uint256 _spacer;
+    }
+
+    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
+    /*                       CUSTOM ERRORS                        */
+    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
+
+    /// @dev The transient stack is empty.
+    error StackIsEmpty();
+
     /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
     /*                         CONSTANTS                          */
     /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
@@ -51,6 +65,10 @@ library LibTransient {
     /// `bytes4(keccak256("_LIB_TRANSIENT_COMPAT_SLOT_SEED"))`.
     uint256 private constant _LIB_TRANSIENT_COMPAT_SLOT_SEED = 0x5a0b45f2;
 
+    /// @dev Multiplier to stack base slot, so that in the case where two stacks
+    /// share consecutive base slots, their pointers will likely not overlap. A prime.
+    uint256 private constant _STACK_BASE_SALT = 0x9e076501211e1371b;
+
     /// @dev The canonical address of the transient registry.
     /// See: https://gist.github.com/Vectorized/4ab665d7a234ef5aaaff2e5091ec261f
     address internal constant REGISTRY = 0x000000000000297f64C7F8d9595e43257908F170;
@@ -694,6 +712,95 @@ library LibTransient {
         _compat(ptr)._spacer = 0;
     }
 
+    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
+    /*                      STACK OPERATIONS                      */
+    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
+
+    /// @dev Returns a pointer to a stack in transient storage.
+    function tStack(bytes32 tSlot) internal pure returns (TStack storage ptr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            ptr.slot := tSlot
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns a pointer to a stack in transient storage.
+    function tStack(uint256 tSlot) internal pure returns (TStack storage ptr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            ptr.slot := tSlot
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns the number of elements in the stack.
+    function length(TStack storage ptr) internal view returns (uint256 result) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            result := shr(160, shl(128, tload(ptr.slot))) // Removes the base offset and stride.
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Clears the stack at `ptr`.
+    /// Note: Future usage of the stack will point to a fresh transient storage region.
+    function clear(TStack storage ptr) internal {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            // Clears the length and increments the base pointer by `1 << 128`.
+            tstore(ptr.slot, shl(128, add(1, shr(128, tload(ptr.slot)))))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Increments the stack length by 1, and returns a pointer to the top element.
+    /// We don't want to call this `push` as it does not take in an element value.
+    /// Note: The value pointed to might not be cleared from previous usage.
+    function place(TStack storage ptr) internal returns (bytes32 topPtr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            topPtr := add(0x100000000, tload(ptr.slot)) // Increments by a stride.
+            tstore(ptr.slot, topPtr)
+            topPtr := add(mul(_STACK_BASE_SALT, ptr.slot), topPtr)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns a pointer to the top element. Returns zero if the stack is empty.
+    /// This method can help avoid an additional `TLOAD`.
+    function peek(TStack storage ptr) internal view returns (bytes32 topPtr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            let t := tload(ptr.slot)
+            topPtr := mul(iszero(iszero(shl(128, t))), add(mul(_STACK_BASE_SALT, ptr.slot), t))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns a pointer to the top element. Reverts if the stack is empty.
+    function top(TStack storage ptr) internal view returns (bytes32 topPtr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            topPtr := tload(ptr.slot)
+            if iszero(topPtr) {
+                mstore(0x00, 0xbb704e21) // `StackIsEmpty()`.
+                revert(0x1c, 0x04)
+            }
+            topPtr := add(mul(_STACK_BASE_SALT, ptr.slot), topPtr)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Decrements the stack length by 1, returns a pointer to the top element
+    /// before the popping. Reverts if the stack is empty.
+    /// Note: Popping from the stack does NOT auto-clear the top value.
+    function pop(TStack storage ptr) internal returns (bytes32 lastTopPtr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            lastTopPtr := tload(ptr.slot)
+            if iszero(lastTopPtr) {
+                mstore(0x00, 0xbb704e21) // `StackIsEmpty()`.
+                revert(0x1c, 0x04)
+            }
+            tstore(ptr.slot, sub(lastTopPtr, 0x100000000)) // Decrements by a stride.
+            lastTopPtr := add(mul(_STACK_BASE_SALT, ptr.slot), lastTopPtr)
+        }
+    }
+
     /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
     /*               TRANSIENT REGISTRY OPERATIONS                */
     /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/

diff --git a/src/utils/g/LibTransient.sol b/src/utils/g/LibTransient.sol
@@ -37,12 +37,20 @@ struct TBytes {
     uint256 _spacer;
 }
 
+/// @dev Pointer struct to a stack pointer generator in transient storage.
+/// This stack does not directly take in values. Instead, it generates pointers
+/// that can be casted to any of the other transient storage pointer struct.
+struct TStack {
+    uint256 _spacer;
+}
+
 using LibTransient for TUint256 global;
 using LibTransient for TInt256 global;
 using LibTransient for TBytes32 global;
 using LibTransient for TAddress global;
 using LibTransient for TBool global;
 using LibTransient for TBytes global;
+using LibTransient for TStack global;
 
 /// @notice Library for transient storage operations.
 /// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/g/LibTransient.sol)
@@ -52,6 +60,13 @@ using LibTransient for TBytes global;
 /// L2s are super cheap anyway.
 /// For best safety, always clear the storage after use.
 library LibTransient {
+    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
+    /*                       CUSTOM ERRORS                        */
+    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
+
+    /// @dev The transient stack is empty.
+    error StackIsEmpty();
+
     /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
     /*                         CONSTANTS                          */
     /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
@@ -60,6 +75,10 @@ library LibTransient {
     /// `bytes4(keccak256("_LIB_TRANSIENT_COMPAT_SLOT_SEED"))`.
     uint256 private constant _LIB_TRANSIENT_COMPAT_SLOT_SEED = 0x5a0b45f2;
 
+    /// @dev Multiplier to stack base slot, so that in the case where two stacks
+    /// share consecutive base slots, their pointers will likely not overlap. A prime.
+    uint256 private constant _STACK_BASE_SALT = 0x9e076501211e1371b;
+
     /// @dev The canonical address of the transient registry.
     /// See: https://gist.github.com/Vectorized/4ab665d7a234ef5aaaff2e5091ec261f
     address internal constant REGISTRY = 0x000000000000297f64C7F8d9595e43257908F170;
@@ -703,6 +722,95 @@ library LibTransient {
         _compat(ptr)._spacer = 0;
     }
 
+    /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
+    /*                      STACK OPERATIONS                      */
+    /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
+
+    /// @dev Returns a pointer to a stack in transient storage.
+    function tStack(bytes32 tSlot) internal pure returns (TStack storage ptr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            ptr.slot := tSlot
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns a pointer to a stack in transient storage.
+    function tStack(uint256 tSlot) internal pure returns (TStack storage ptr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            ptr.slot := tSlot
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns the number of elements in the stack.
+    function length(TStack storage ptr) internal view returns (uint256 result) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            result := shr(160, shl(128, tload(ptr.slot))) // Removes the base offset and stride.
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Clears the stack at `ptr`.
+    /// Note: Future usage of the stack will point to a fresh transient storage region.
+    function clear(TStack storage ptr) internal {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            // Clears the length and increments the base pointer by `1 << 128`.
+            tstore(ptr.slot, shl(128, add(1, shr(128, tload(ptr.slot)))))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Increments the stack length by 1, and returns a pointer to the top element.
+    /// We don't want to call this `push` as it does not take in an element value.
+    /// Note: The value pointed to might not be cleared from previous usage.
+    function place(TStack storage ptr) internal returns (bytes32 topPtr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            topPtr := add(0x100000000, tload(ptr.slot)) // Increments by a stride.
+            tstore(ptr.slot, topPtr)
+            topPtr := add(mul(_STACK_BASE_SALT, ptr.slot), topPtr)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns a pointer to the top element. Returns zero if the stack is empty.
+    /// This method can help avoid an additional `TLOAD`.
+    function peek(TStack storage ptr) internal view returns (bytes32 topPtr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            let t := tload(ptr.slot)
+            topPtr := mul(iszero(iszero(shl(128, t))), add(mul(_STACK_BASE_SALT, ptr.slot), t))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns a pointer to the top element. Reverts if the stack is empty.
+    function top(TStack storage ptr) internal view returns (bytes32 topPtr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            topPtr := tload(ptr.slot)
+            if iszero(topPtr) {
+                mstore(0x00, 0xbb704e21) // `StackIsEmpty()`.
+                revert(0x1c, 0x04)
+            }
+            topPtr := add(mul(_STACK_BASE_SALT, ptr.slot), topPtr)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Decrements the stack length by 1, returns a pointer to the top element
+    /// before the popping. Reverts if the stack is empty.
+    /// Note: Popping from the stack does NOT auto-clear the top value.
+    function pop(TStack storage ptr) internal returns (bytes32 lastTopPtr) {
+        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
+        assembly {
+            lastTopPtr := tload(ptr.slot)
+            if iszero(lastTopPtr) {
+                mstore(0x00, 0xbb704e21) // `StackIsEmpty()`.
+                revert(0x1c, 0x04)
+            }
+            tstore(ptr.slot, sub(lastTopPtr, 0x100000000)) // Decrements by a stride.
+            lastTopPtr := add(mul(_STACK_BASE_SALT, ptr.slot), lastTopPtr)
+        }
+    }
+
     /*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
     /*               TRANSIENT REGISTRY OPERATIONS                */
     /*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/