python / cpython

…H-20985)

In absence of explicit declaration, resource compiler uses system
codepage. When this codepage is DBCS or UTF-8, Python's copyright
string is corrupted, because it contains copyright sign encoded
as \xA9.

The fix is to explicitly declare codepage 1252.

Py_InitializeFromConfig() now always creates the empty tuple
singleton as soon as possible.

Optimize PyTuple_New(0): it no longer has to check if the empty tuple
was created or not, it is always creatd.

* Add tuple_create_empty_tuple_singleton() function.
* Add tuple_get_empty() function.
* Remove state parameter of tuple_alloc().

Automerge-Triggered-By: @matrixise

…ute (GH-20283)

Only clear _token_missing in the main interpreter.

Each interpreter now has its own Unicode latin1 singletons.

Remove "ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS"
and "ifdef LATIN1_SINGLETONS": always enable latin1 singletons.

Optimize unicode_result_ready(): only attempt to get a latin1
singleton for PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND.

Replace MIDL-generated file with manual GUID definition.
Use the same .def file for release and debug builds.
Update setup build to support latest toolset

Functions of unicodeobject.c, like PyUnicode_New(), no longer check
if the empty Unicode singleton has been initialized or not. Consider
that it is always initialized. The Unicode API must not be used
before _PyUnicode_Init() or after _PyUnicode_Fini().

Each interpreter now has its own empty Unicode string singleton.

…elect module (GH-21066)

Each interpreter now has its own MemoryError free list: it is not
longer shared by all interpreters.

Add _Py_exc_state structure and PyInterpreterState.exc_state member.
Move also errnomap into _Py_exc_state.

Use linker comment #pragma and preprocessor for re-exporting stable
API functions and variables.

Module definition file, custom build targets and entry point code
become unnecessary and can be removed.

This change also fixes missing _PyErr_BadInternalCall export on x86.

Remove auto-generated resource header. Pass definitions required
by resource files (ORIGINAL_FILENAME and FIELD3) directly to resource
compiler.

Remove unused MS_DLL_ID resource string and related dead code.

…o. (GH-21072)

* Add missing header files to pythoncore.
* Add missing file filters ("Resource Files" in particular) to
  all projects.
* Add new sub-filters for private headers in pythoncore and
  for 3rd party source files.
* Add missing _zoneinfo configurations in pcbuild.sln.
* Update bdist_wininst with the new zlib location.

* Revert "bpo-40521: Make the empty frozenset per interpreter (GH-21068)"

This reverts commit 261cfed.

* bpo-40521: Empty frozensets are no longer singletons

* Complete the removal of the frozenset singleton

Add get_xxx_state() function to factorize duplicated code.

Py_InitializeFromConfig() now calls also _PyWarnings_InitState() in
subinterpreters.

In functions calling more than one PyErr function, get tstate and
then pass it explicitly.

Each interpreter now has its own empty bytes string and single byte
character singletons.

Replace STRINGLIB_EMPTY macro with STRINGLIB_GET_EMPTY() macro.

Fix integer overflow in the :meth:`array.array.index` method on 64-bit Windows
for index larger than ``2**31``.

Each interpreter now has its own empty frozenset singleton.

Each interpreter now has its own dict free list:

* Move dict free lists into PyInterpreterState.
* Move PyDict_MAXFREELIST define to pycore_interp.h
* Add _Py_dict_state structure.
* Add tstate parameter to _PyDict_ClearFreeList() and _PyDict_Fini().
* In debug mode, ensure that the dict free lists are not used after
  _PyDict_Fini() is called.
* Remove "#ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS".

* Add a glossary entry for the term "callback"
* Link to it in loop.call_soon() and in the "Concurrency and Multithreading" section

Co-authored-by: Kyle Stanley <aeros167@gmail.com>

Add pycore_object.h include to fix bltinmodule.c when Py_TRACE_REFS
macro is defined.

* Move _PyList_ITEMS() to pycore_list.h.
* The C extension "_heapq" is now built with Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE
  macro defined to access the internal C API.

* fixed issue 41005: webbrowser fails when xdg-settings cannot be executed

Co-authored-by: KrishnaSai2020 <krishnasai.chivukula@gmal.com>
Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

…GH-21040)

Unexpected errors in calling the __iter__ method are no longer
masked by TypeError in csv.reader(), csv.writer.writerow() and
csv.writer.writerows().