// Copyright 2020 The go-ethereum Authors

// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.

//

// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by

// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or

// (at your option) any later version.

//

// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

//

// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License

// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package core

import (

"crypto/ecdsa"

"math/big"

"testing"

"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"

"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"

)

// TestStateProcessorErrors tests the output from the 'core' errors

// as defined in core/error.go. These errors are generated when the

// blockchain imports bad blocks, meaning blocks which have valid headers but

// contain invalid transactions

func TestStateProcessorErrors(t *testing.T) {

var (

config = &params.ChainConfig{

ChainID: big.NewInt(1),

HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0),

EIP150Block: big.NewInt(0),

EIP155Block: big.NewInt(0),

EIP158Block: big.NewInt(0),

ByzantiumBlock: big.NewInt(0),

ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0),

PetersburgBlock: big.NewInt(0),

IstanbulBlock: big.NewInt(0),

MuirGlacierBlock: big.NewInt(0),

BerlinBlock: big.NewInt(0),

LondonBlock: big.NewInt(0),

Ethash: new(params.EthashConfig),

Bor: &params.BorConfig{BurntContract: map[string]string{"0": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dead"}},

}

signer = types.LatestSigner(config)

key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")

key2, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202002020202020")

)

var makeTx = func(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, nonce uint64, to common.Address, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice *big.Int, data []byte) *types.Transaction {

tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(nonce, to, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, data), signer, key)

return tx

}

var mkDynamicTx = func(nonce uint64, to common.Address, gasLimit uint64, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap *big.Int) *types.Transaction {

tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{

Nonce: nonce,

GasTipCap: gasTipCap,

GasFeeCap: gasFeeCap,

Gas: gasLimit,

To: &to,

Value: big.NewInt(0),

}), signer, key1)

return tx

}

{ // Tests against a 'recent' chain definition

var (

db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()

gspec = &Genesis{

Config: config,

Alloc: GenesisAlloc{

common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): GenesisAccount{

Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether

Nonce: 0,

},

common.HexToAddress("0xfd0810DD14796680f72adf1a371963d0745BCc64"): GenesisAccount{

Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether

Nonce: math.MaxUint64,

},

},

}

genesis = gspec.MustCommit(db)

blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)

)

defer blockchain.Stop()

bigNumber := new(big.Int).SetBytes(common.FromHex("0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"))

tooBigNumber := new(big.Int).Set(bigNumber)

tooBigNumber.Add(tooBigNumber, common.Big1)

for i, tt := range []struct {

txs []*types.Transaction

want string

}{

{ // ErrNonceTooLow

txs: []*types.Transaction{

makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),

makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),

},

want: "could not apply tx 1 [0x0026256b3939ed97e2c4a6f3fce8ecf83bdcfa6d507c47838c308a1fb0436f62]: nonce too low: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, tx: 0 state: 1",

},

{ // ErrNonceTooHigh

txs: []*types.Transaction{

makeTx(key1, 100, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xdebad714ca7f363bd0d8121c4518ad48fa469ca81b0a081be3d10c17460f751b]: nonce too high: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, tx: 100 state: 0",

},

{ // ErrNonceMax

txs: []*types.Transaction{

makeTx(key2, math.MaxUint64, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x84ea18d60eb2bb3b040e3add0eb72f757727122cc257dd858c67cb6591a85986]: nonce has max value: address 0xfd0810DD14796680f72adf1a371963d0745BCc64, nonce: 18446744073709551615",

},

{ // ErrGasLimitReached

txs: []*types.Transaction{

makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), 21000000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xbd49d8dadfd47fb846986695f7d4da3f7b2c48c8da82dbc211a26eb124883de9]: gas limit reached",

},

{ // ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer

txs: []*types.Transaction{

makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x98c796b470f7fcab40aaef5c965a602b0238e1034cce6fb73823042dd0638d74]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 1000018375000000000",

},

{ // ErrInsufficientFunds

txs: []*types.Transaction{

makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(900000000000000000), nil),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x4a69690c4b0cd85e64d0d9ea06302455b01e10a83db964d60281739752003440]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 18900000000000000000000",

},

// ErrGasUintOverflow

// One missing 'core' error is ErrGasUintOverflow: "gas uint64 overflow",

// In order to trigger that one, we'd have to allocate a _huge_ chunk of data, such that the

// multiplication len(data) +gas_per_byte overflows uint64. Not testable at the moment

{ // ErrIntrinsicGas

txs: []*types.Transaction{

makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xcf3b049a0b516cb4f9274b3e2a264359e2ba53b2fb64b7bda2c634d5c9d01fca]: intrinsic gas too low: have 20000, want 21000",

},

{ // ErrGasLimitReached

txs: []*types.Transaction{

makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas*1000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xbd49d8dadfd47fb846986695f7d4da3f7b2c48c8da82dbc211a26eb124883de9]: gas limit reached",

},

{ // ErrFeeCapTooLow

txs: []*types.Transaction{

mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xc4ab868fef0c82ae0387b742aee87907f2d0fc528fc6ea0a021459fb0fc4a4a8]: max fee per gas less than block base fee: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas: 0 baseFee: 875000000",

},

{ // ErrTipVeryHigh

txs: []*types.Transaction{

mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, tooBigNumber, big.NewInt(1)),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x15b8391b9981f266b32f3ab7da564bbeb3d6c21628364ea9b32a21139f89f712]: max priority fee per gas higher than 2^256-1: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxPriorityFeePerGas bit length: 257",

},

{ // ErrFeeCapVeryHigh

txs: []*types.Transaction{

mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), tooBigNumber),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x48bc299b83fdb345c57478f239e89814bb3063eb4e4b49f3b6057a69255c16bd]: max fee per gas higher than 2^256-1: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas bit length: 257",

},

{ // ErrTipAboveFeeCap

txs: []*types.Transaction{

mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(1)),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xf987a31ff0c71895780a7612f965a0c8b056deb54e020bb44fa478092f14c9b4]: max priority fee per gas higher than max fee per gas: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxPriorityFeePerGas: 2, maxFeePerGas: 1",

},

{ // ErrInsufficientFunds

// Available balance: 1000000000000000000

// Effective cost: 18375000021000

// FeeCap * gas: 1050000000000000000

// This test is designed to have the effective cost be covered by the balance, but

// the extended requirement on FeeCap*gas < balance to fail

txs: []*types.Transaction{

mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(50000000000000)),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x413603cd096a87f41b1660d3ed3e27d62e1da78eac138961c0a1314ed43bd129]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 1050000000000000000",

},

{ // Another ErrInsufficientFunds, this one to ensure that feecap/tip of max u256 is allowed

txs: []*types.Transaction{

mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, bigNumber, bigNumber),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xd82a0c2519acfeac9a948258c47e784acd20651d9d80f9a1c67b4137651c3a24]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 2431633873983640103894990685182446064918669677978451844828609264166175722438635000",

},

} {

block := GenerateBadBlock(genesis, ethash.NewFaker(), tt.txs, gspec.Config)

_, err := blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})

if err == nil {

t.Fatal("block imported without errors")

}

if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want {

t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want)

}

}

}

// ErrTxTypeNotSupported, For this, we need an older chain

{

var (

db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()

gspec = &Genesis{

Config: &params.ChainConfig{

ChainID: big.NewInt(1),

HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0),

EIP150Block: big.NewInt(0),

EIP155Block: big.NewInt(0),

EIP158Block: big.NewInt(0),

ByzantiumBlock: big.NewInt(0),

ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0),

PetersburgBlock: big.NewInt(0),

IstanbulBlock: big.NewInt(0),

MuirGlacierBlock: big.NewInt(0),

},

Alloc: GenesisAlloc{

common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): GenesisAccount{

Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether

Nonce: 0,

},

},

}

genesis = gspec.MustCommit(db)

blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)

parallelBlockchain, _ = NewParallelBlockChain(db, nil, gspec.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{ParallelEnable: true, ParallelSpeculativeProcesses: 8}, nil, nil, nil)

)

defer blockchain.Stop()

defer parallelBlockchain.Stop()

for _, bc := range []*BlockChain{blockchain, parallelBlockchain} {

for i, tt := range []struct {

txs []*types.Transaction

want string

}{

{ // ErrTxTypeNotSupported

txs: []*types.Transaction{

mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x88626ac0d53cb65308f2416103c62bb1f18b805573d4f96a3640bbbfff13c14f]: transaction type not supported",

},

} {

block := GenerateBadBlock(genesis, ethash.NewFaker(), tt.txs, gspec.Config)

_, err := bc.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})

if err == nil {

t.Fatal("block imported without errors")

}

if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want {

t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want)

}

}

}

}

// ErrSenderNoEOA, for this we need the sender to have contract code

{

var (

db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()

gspec = &Genesis{

Config: config,

Alloc: GenesisAlloc{

common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): GenesisAccount{

Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether

Nonce: 0,

Code: common.FromHex("0xB0B0FACE"),

},

},

}

genesis = gspec.MustCommit(db)

blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)

parallelBlockchain, _ = NewParallelBlockChain(db, nil, gspec.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{ParallelEnable: true, ParallelSpeculativeProcesses: 8}, nil, nil, nil)

)

defer blockchain.Stop()

defer parallelBlockchain.Stop()

for _, bc := range []*BlockChain{blockchain, parallelBlockchain} {

for i, tt := range []struct {

txs []*types.Transaction

want string

}{

{ // ErrSenderNoEOA

txs: []*types.Transaction{

mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)),

},

want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x88626ac0d53cb65308f2416103c62bb1f18b805573d4f96a3640bbbfff13c14f]: sender not an eoa: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, codehash: 0x9280914443471259d4570a8661015ae4a5b80186dbc619658fb494bebc3da3d1",

},

} {

block := GenerateBadBlock(genesis, ethash.NewFaker(), tt.txs, gspec.Config)

_, err := bc.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})

if err == nil {

t.Fatal("block imported without errors")

}

if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want {

t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want)

}

}

}

}

}

// GenerateBadBlock constructs a "block" which contains the transactions. The transactions are not expected to be

// valid, and no proper post-state can be made. But from the perspective of the blockchain, the block is sufficiently

// valid to be considered for import:

// - valid pow (fake), ancestry, difficulty, gaslimit etc

func GenerateBadBlock(parent *types.Block, engine consensus.Engine, txs types.Transactions, config *params.ChainConfig) *types.Block {

header := &types.Header{

ParentHash: parent.Hash(),

Coinbase: parent.Coinbase(),

Difficulty: engine.CalcDifficulty(&fakeChainReader{config: config}, parent.Time()+10, &types.Header{

Number: parent.Number(),

Time: parent.Time(),

Difficulty: parent.Difficulty(),

UncleHash: parent.UncleHash(),

}),

GasLimit: parent.GasLimit(),

Number: new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number(), common.Big1),

Time: parent.Time() + 10,

UncleHash: types.EmptyUncleHash,

}

if config.IsLondon(header.Number) {

header.BaseFee = misc.CalcBaseFee(config, parent.Header())

}

var receipts []*types.Receipt

// The post-state result doesn't need to be correct (this is a bad block), but we do need something there

// Preferably something unique. So let's use a combo of blocknum + txhash

hasher := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()

hasher.Write(header.Number.Bytes())

var cumulativeGas uint64

for _, tx := range txs {

txh := tx.Hash()

hasher.Write(txh[:])

receipt := types.NewReceipt(nil, false, cumulativeGas+tx.Gas())

receipt.TxHash = tx.Hash()

receipt.GasUsed = tx.Gas()

receipts = append(receipts, receipt)

cumulativeGas += tx.Gas()

}

header.Root = common.BytesToHash(hasher.Sum(nil))

// Assemble and return the final block for sealing

return types.NewBlock(header, txs, nil, receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))

}