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<h1>Module <code>vec2</code></h1>
<p>Represents a 2D vector in Lua.</p>
<p> This module allows you to manipulate 2D vectors. Usage is generally as
follows:</p>
<p> <pre>
my<em>vec = vec2.new( 3, 2 ) -- my</em>vec is now (3,2)
my<em>vec:add( 5, 3 ) -- my</em>vec is now (8,5)
my<em>vec = my</em>vec * 3 -- my<em>vec is now (24,15)
your</em>vec = vec2.new( 5, 2 ) -- your<em>vec is now (5,2)
my</em>vec = my<em>vec - your</em>vec -- my_vec is now (19,13)
</pre></p>
<p> To call members of the metatable always use:
<pre>
vector:function( param )
</pre></p>
<h2><a href="#Functions">Functions</a></h2>
<table class="function_list">
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#__tostring">__tostring (v)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Converts a vector to a string.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#add">add (v, x, y)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Adds two vectors or a vector and some cartesian coordinates.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#angle">angle (v)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Gets the angle of the vector.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#clone">clone (v)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Creates a clone of a vector.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#collideCircleLine">collideCircleLine (center, radius, p1, p2)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Computes the intersection of a line segment and a circle.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#collideLineLine">collideLineLine (s1, e1, s2, e2)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Sees if two line segments collide.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#cross">cross (a, b)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Cross product of two vectors.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#dist">dist (v[, v2=vec2.new()])</a></td>
<td class="summary">Gets the distance from the Vec2.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#dist2">dist2 (v[, v2=vec2.new()])</a></td>
<td class="summary">Gets the squared distance from the Vec2 (saves a sqrt())</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#div">div (v, mod)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Divides a vector by a number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#dot">dot (a, b)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Dot product of two vectors.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#get">get (v)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Gets the cartesian positions of the vector.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#mod">mod (v)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Gets the modulus of the vector.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#mul">mul (v, mod)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Multiplies a vector by a number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#new">new ([x=0[, y=x]])</a></td>
<td class="summary">Creates a new vector.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#newP">newP ([m=0[, a=0]])</a></td>
<td class="summary">Creates a new vector using polar coordinates.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#normalize">normalize (v[, n=1])</a></td>
<td class="summary">Normalizes a vector.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#polar">polar (v)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Gets polar coordinates of a vector.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#set">set (v, x, y)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Sets the vector by cartesian coordinates.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#setP">setP (v, m, a)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Sets the vector by polar coordinates.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#sub">sub (v, x, y)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Subtracts two vectors or a vector and some cartesian coordinates.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br/>
<br/>
<h2><a name="Functions"></a>Functions</h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt>
<a name = "__tostring"></a>
<strong>__tostring (v)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Converts a vector to a string.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vector</span></span>
Vector to convert to as string.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
String version of v.
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "add"></a>
<strong>add (v, x, y)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Adds two vectors or a vector and some cartesian coordinates. </p>
<p> If x is a vector it adds both vectors, otherwise it adds cartesian
coordinates to the vector.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vector</span></span>
Vector getting stuff added to.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">x</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span> or <span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
X coordinate or vector to add to.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">y</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span> or <span class="type">nil</span></span>
Y coordinate or nil to add to.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
The result of the vector operation.
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec = my_vec + your_vec
</pre></li>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:add( your_vec )
</pre></li>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:add( 5, 3 )
</pre></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "angle"></a>
<strong>angle (v)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Gets the angle of the vector.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to get angle of.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
The angle of the vector.
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "clone"></a>
<strong>clone (v)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Creates a clone of a vector.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to clone.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
A clone of v.
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "collideCircleLine"></a>
<strong>collideCircleLine (center, radius, p1, p2)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Computes the intersection of a line segment and a circle.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">center</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vector</span></span>
Center of the circle.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">radius</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
Radius of the circle.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">p1</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vector</span></span>
First point of the line segment.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">p2</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vector</span></span>
Second point of the line segment.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vector</span> or <span class="type">nil</span></span>
First point of collision or nil if no collision.</li>
<li>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vector</span> or <span class="type">nil</span></span>
Second point of collision or nil if single-point
collision.</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "collideLineLine"></a>
<strong>collideLineLine (s1, e1, s2, e2)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Sees if two line segments collide.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">s1</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Start point of the first segment.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">e1</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
End point of the first segment.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">s2</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Start point of the second segment.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">e2</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
End point of the second segment.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">integer</span></span>
0 if they don't collide, 1 if they collide on a point,
2 if they are parallel, and 3 if they are coincident.
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "cross"></a>
<strong>cross (a, b)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Cross product of two vectors.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">a</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
First vector.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">b</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Second vector.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
The cross product.
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "dist"></a>
<strong>dist (v[, v2=vec2.new()])</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Gets the distance from the Vec2.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to act as origin.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">v2</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to get distance from, uses
origin (0,0) if not set.
(<em>default</em> vec2.new())
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
The distance calculated.
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:dist() -- Gets length of the vector (distance from origin).
</pre></li>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:dist( your_vec ) -- Gets distance from both vectors (your_vec -
my_vec).
</pre></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "dist2"></a>
<strong>dist2 (v[, v2=vec2.new()])</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Gets the squared distance from the Vec2 (saves a sqrt())
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to act as origin.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">v2</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to get squared distance from,
uses origin (0,0) if not set.
(<em>default</em> vec2.new())
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
The distance calculated.
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:dist2() -- Gets squared length of the vector (distance squared
from origin).
</pre></li>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:dist2( your_vec ) -- Gets squared distance from both vectors
(your_vec - my_vec)^2.
</pre></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "div"></a>
<strong>div (v, mod)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Divides a vector by a number.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to divide.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">mod</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
Amount to divide by.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
The result of the vector operation.
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec = my_vec / 3
</pre></li>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:div(3)
</pre></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "dot"></a>
<strong>dot (a, b)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Dot product of two vectors.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">a</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
First vector.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">b</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Second vector.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
The dot product.
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "get"></a>
<strong>get (v)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Gets the cartesian positions of the vector.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to get position of.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
X position of the vector.</li>
<li>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
Y position of the vector.</li>
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">x,y = my_vec:get()
</pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "mod"></a>
<strong>mod (v)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Gets the modulus of the vector.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to get modulus of.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
The modulus of the vector.
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "mul"></a>
<strong>mul (v, mod)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Multiplies a vector by a number.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to multiply.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">mod</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
Amount to multiply by.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
The result of the vector operation.
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec = my_vec * 3
</pre></li>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:mul( 3 )
</pre></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "new"></a>
<strong>new ([x=0[, y=x]])</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Creates a new vector.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">x</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
If set, the X value for the new vector.
(<em>default</em> 0)
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">y</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
If set, the Y value for the new vector.
(<em>default</em> x)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
The new vector.
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">vec2.new( 5, 3 ) -- creates a vector at (5,3)
</pre></li>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">vec2.new() -- creates a vector at (0,0)
</pre></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "newP"></a>
<strong>newP ([m=0[, a=0]])</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Creates a new vector using polar coordinates.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">m</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
If set, the modulus for the new vector.
(<em>default</em> 0)
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">a</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
If set, the angle for the new vector, in
radians.
(<em>default</em> 0)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
The new vector.
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">vec2.newP( 1000, math.pi/2 ) -- creates a vector at (0,1000)
</pre></li>
<li><pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">vec2.newP() -- creates a vector at (0,0)
</pre></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "normalize"></a>
<strong>normalize (v[, n=1])</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Normalizes a vector.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to normalize.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">n</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
Length to normalize the vector to.
(<em>default</em> 1)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Normalized vector.
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "polar"></a>
<strong>polar (v)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Gets polar coordinates of a vector. </p>
<p> The angle is in radians.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to get polar coordinates of.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
The modulus of the vector.</li>
<li>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
The angle of the vector.</li>
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">modulus, angle = my_vec:polar()
</pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "set"></a>
<strong>set (v, x, y)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Sets the vector by cartesian coordinates.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to set coordinates of.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">x</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
X coordinate to set.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">y</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
Y coordinate to set.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:set(5, 3) -- my_vec is now (5,3)
</pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "setP"></a>
<strong>setP (v, m, a)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Sets the vector by polar coordinates.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector to set coordinates of.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">m</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
Modulus to set.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">a</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span></span>
Angle to set, in radians.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre data-enlighter-language="lua" class="example">my_vec:setP( 1, 90 ) -- my_vec is now (0,1)
</pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "sub"></a>
<strong>sub (v, x, y)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Subtracts two vectors or a vector and some cartesian coordinates. </p>
<p> If x is a vector it subtracts both vectors, otherwise it subtracts cartesian
coordinates to the vector.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">v</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
Vector getting stuff subtracted from.
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">x</span>
<span class="types"><span class="type">number</span> or <span class="type">Vec2</span></span>
X coordinate or vector to subtract.