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<h3>Python Inheritance</h3>
<hr>
<p>Inheritance can be defined as deriving an another class from a class with all its methods and properties.<br>
Types of class:</p>
<ol><li>Parent class</li>
<li>Child class</li>
</ol>
<h5>Parent class</h5>
<p>Parent class is the class from which the another class is being inherited.It is also called Base class.<br></p>
<b>Create Parent class</b>
<p>Parent class is very simple to create:</p>
<b>Example</b><br>
<pre><code>
<b>#Student here is the parent class</b>
class Student:
def __init__(self, fname, lname):
self.firstname = fname
self.lastname = lname
def printname(self):
print(self.firstname, self.lastname)
x = Student("Neha", "Arora")
x.printname()
</code></pre>
<b>Output:</b><br>
<pre><code>Neha Arora</code></pre>
<p>In the above code, we create a class named <b>Student</b> with <i>firstname</i> and <i>lastname</i> properties and <i>printname</i> method.</p>
<h5>Child class</h5>
<p>Child class is the class which is being inherited from the other class.It is also called Derived class.<br></p>
<b>Syntax:</b><br>
<pre><code>class child_class(parent_class):
pass
</code></pre>
<p>The above code is for inheriting the child class from parent class.<br></p>
<b>Example:</b><br>
<pre><code>class <b>Car(Vehicle)</b>:
pass #pass keyword is used when you don't have any class properties and methods.</code></pre>
<p>In the aboe code, we created <b>Car</b>, a child class from a parent class <b>Vehicle</b>.</p>
<h5>The __init__() function in Inheritance</h5>
<p>As we discussed about creating a child class which inherits the properties and methods from its parent class above.<br>
Now, we have to add <b>__init__()</b> function in the class.</p>
<b>Example:</b><br>
<pre><code>
class Car(Vehicle):
def__init__(self,name,color): #<b>__init__()</b> function is called automatically when the class is going to create an object.
self.name=name
self.color=color
</code></pre>
<p>For keeping the inheritance of parent's class <b>__init__()</b> function, we will add parent's class <b>__init__()</b> function.<br>
Let's take an example:</p>
<b>Example:</b><br>
<pre><code>class Car(Vehicle):
def__init__(self,name,color): #<b>__init__()</b> function is called automatically when the class is going to create an object.
self.name=name
self.color=color
<b>Vehicle.__init__(self,name,color)</b>
</code></pre>
<h5>The super() function</h5>
<p>the <b>super()</b> function is very useful in terms of Inheritance<br>
This function will help the <b>child</b> class to inherit all the properties and methods from its <b>parent</b> class.</p>
<b>Example:</b><br>
<pre><code>class Car(Vehicle):
def__init__(self,name,color):
self.name=name
self.color=color
<b>super().__init__(self,name,color)</b>
</code></pre>
<p><b>Note:</b>In <b>super()</b> function, there is no need to add parent class name.It will automatically inherit the methods and properties from its parent class.</p>
<h5>Add properties and methods</h5>
<p>Now you can add all the properties and methods you want in your child class.</p>
<b>Example:</b><br>
<pre><code>
class Vehicle:
def __init__(self,company, color):
self.company=company
self.color = color
def printtype(self):
print(self.company,self.color)
class Car(Vehicle):
def __init__(self, company, color,name):
super().__init__(company,color)
self.name=name
def printinfo(self):
print("This is", self.name, "of company", self.company,"in",self.color,"color.")
x = Car("BMW", "blue", 'X5')
x.printinfo()
</code></pre>
<b>Output:</b><br>
<pre><code>This is X5 of company BMW in blue color.
</code></pre>
<p>The above code will represents you the basic form of Inheritance.<br></p>
<p> It uses <b>Vehicle</b> as a parent class and <b>Car</b> as a child class.We also used <b>__init__()</b>and<b>super()</b>function as we have seen the use of them above.</p>
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