// 1: INSERTING ELEMENTS

// 1. Using push() - Add to the End

// const fruits = ['apple', 'banana'];

// fruits.push('orange');

// console.log(fruits); // ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']

// fruits.push('mango', 'grape');

// console.log(fruits); // ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'grape']

// 2. Using unshift() - Add to the Beginning

// const numbers = [2, 3, 4];

// numbers.unshift(1);

// console.log(numbers); // [1, 2, 3, 4]

// numbers.unshift(-1, 0);

// console.log(numbers); // [-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

// 3. Using splice() - Insert at Specific Position

// array.splice(startIndex, deleteCount, item1, item2, ...)

// const colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'];

// colors.splice(1, 0, 'yellow', 'purple');

// console.log(colors); // ['red', 'yellow', 'purple', 'blue', 'green']

// 2: REMOVING ELEMENTS

// 1. Using pop() - Remove from the End

// const animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'elephant'];

// const removed = animals.pop();

// console.log(removed); // 'elephant'

// console.log(animals); // ['cat', 'dog']

// 2. Using shift() - Remove from the Beginning

// const weekdays = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday'];

// const firstDay = weekdays.shift();

// console.log(firstDay); // 'Monday'

// console.log(weekdays); // ['Tuesday', 'Wednesday']

// 3. Using splice() - Remove from Specific Position

// const cities = ['New York', 'Paris', 'Tokyo', 'London'];

// cities.splice(1, 2); // Remove 2 elements starting at index 1

// console.log(cities); // ['New York', 'London']

// const months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr'];

// const removed = months.splice(2, 1);

// console.log(removed); // ['Mar']

// console.log(months); // ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Apr']

// 4. Using delete Operator

// const items = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];

// delete items[1];

// console.log(items); // ['a', empty, 'c', 'd']

// console.log(items.length); // 4

// 3: REPLACING ELEMENTS

// 1. Direct Assignment

// const scores = [85, 90, 78, 92];

// scores[2] = 88; // Replace the element at index 2

// console.log(scores); // [85, 90, 88, 92]

// 2. Using splice() - Replace Elements

// const languages = ['Python', 'Java', 'C++', 'Ruby'];

// languages.splice(1, 2, 'JavaScript', 'TypeScript');

// console.log(languages); // ['Python', 'JavaScript', 'TypeScript', 'Ruby']

// PRACTICAL EXAMPLE

const cart = ['shirt', 'shoes', 'hat'];

// User adds a new item

cart.push('jacket');

console.log('After adding:', cart);

// User removes the first item

cart.shift();

console.log('After removing first:', cart);

// User replaces 'shoes' with 'sneakers'

const shoesIndex = cart.indexOf('shoes');

if (shoesIndex !== -1) {

cart[shoesIndex] = 'sneakers';

}

console.log('After replacing:', cart);

// User wants to insert 'socks' at position 1

cart.splice(1, 0, 'socks');

console.log('Final cart:', cart);